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Can a vacuum ever be completely empty?

CERN’s particle beams travel through pipes with extraordinarily little gas, yet engineers still measure and remove residual molecules. “Vacuum” describes a physical condition that can be improved and tested; it need not mean absolute nothingness.

3–7 min

Questions you could explore

  • What does a pressure reading tell you, and what does it leave out?
  • How does the laboratory meaning of vacuum differ from the quantum-physics meaning of an empty state?

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Physics

Why metal can feel colder than wood

A metal handle and a wooden tabletop can share a room temperature yet feel quite different. The clue lies in the exchange of heat between your hand and the surface, which is not the same thing as measuring temperature.

5–7 min

Why metal can feel colder than wood

Physics5–7 minA metal handle and a wooden tabletop can share a room temperature yet feel quite different. The clue lies in the exchange of heat between your hand and the surface, which is not the same thing as measuring temperature.

Physics

How can headphones fight noise with more sound?

A steady engine hum can fade when noise cancellation switches on, while a nearby voice remains noticeable. The electronics and the physical ear covering do different jobs, and neither makes every sound disappear.

4–5 min

How can headphones fight noise with more sound?

Physics4–5 minA steady engine hum can fade when noise cancellation switches on, while a nearby voice remains noticeable. The electronics and the physical ear covering do different jobs, and neither makes every sound disappear.

Physics

How can a ship made of steel float?

A solid piece of steel sinks, yet a steel ship can carry people and cargo. Its hollow shape changes how much water the whole vessel can push aside, making the material alone an incomplete explanation of floating.

3–5 min

How can a ship made of steel float?

Physics3–5 minA solid piece of steel sinks, yet a steel ship can carry people and cargo. Its hollow shape changes how much water the whole vessel can push aside, making the material alone an incomplete explanation of floating.

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