Why can a spiraling ball wobble without anyone touching it?
A ball's long axis does not have to point along its angular momentum. In an ideal model with no external torque, an elongated spinning body can precess around a fixed angular-momentum direction. A real throw adds aerodynamic forces to that simpler picture.
Questions you could explore
- How can a spinning ball's body axis move while its total angular momentum stays fixed in an ideal model?
- What extra effects must be considered when the ball moves through real air?
Start reading
- MIT OpenCourseWare; J. Peraire and S. WidnallLecture L29: 3D Rigid Body Dynamics
Uses a spinning football as an example of direct precession and distinguishes the body axis from angular momentum.
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